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Why Immigrate To Australia ?
Australia has a long history of welcoming immigrants. It is one of the most developed country in the world. Australia is very big in size and for managing its vaste resources, well paid job openings are many for the deserving immigrants. For those who are relatively young with good qualifications, and relevant work experience, the Independent Category is the most popular method of immigration to Australia. Unfortunately, as applications can take 6-12 months to process, so those with a job already lined up may opt for an employer sponsored permit. If you are a well-qualified individual wishing to migrate to Australia, there may very well be an opportunity for you to gain entry to Australia. It is likely that you will be able to apply in a category under which relevant skills, language ability and work experience are needed in order to satisfy Australian immigration requirements and to live and work in Australia. Each category has different requirements for entry to Australia. In most cases you will need to satisfy the basic requirements and in many categories you must pass the points test.
About Australia
Australia is the only country that is also a continent. In area, Australia ranks as the sixth largest country and smallest continent and lies between the South Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean. The part of the Indian Ocean south of Australia is called the Southern Ocean by Australians. Australia is about 11,000 kilometres southwest of North America and about 3,000 kilometres southeast of mainland Asia. Australia is often referred to as being "down under" because it lies entirely within the Southern Hemisphere. The name Australia comes from the Latin word australis, meaning southern. The country's official name is the Commonwealth of Australia.
Australia is a dry, thinly populated land. Only a few areas along or near the coasts receive enough rainfall to support a large population. The southeastern coastal region has the most people by far. Australia's two largest cities--Sydney and Melbourne--lie in this region. Canberra, the national capital, lies 130 kilometres inland. The huge interior of Australia is mostly desert or dry grassland and has few settlements. The country as a whole averages only two people per square kilometre. Australia is famous for its vast open spaces, bright sunshine, enormous numbers of sheep and cattle, and unusual wildlife. Kangaroos, koalas, platypuses, and wombats are only a few of the many unusual animals that live in Australia.
Language
English is the official language of Australians.
Ways of life
The great majority of the Australian people belong to the middle class. Most Australians also have similar educational backgrounds and hold similar values and attitudes, so the ways of life throughout the country are remarkably uniform. Even the differences between life in the cities and life in rural areas are relatively minor.
City life
Australia is one of the world's most urbanized countries. More than four-fifths of the people live in cities and towns. About 70 per cent of all Australians live in cities of more than 100,000 people. These cities include the federal capital, Canberra, and the six state capitals. The state capitals, in order of size, are Sydney, New South Wales; Melbourne, Victoria; Brisbane, Queens land; Perth, Western Australia; Adelaide, South Australia; and Hobart, Tasmania. Canberra is smaller than all the state capitals except Hobart. Sydney and Melbourne are by far the biggest cities in Australia. Sydney has about 31/2 million people, and Melbourne about 3 million.
Country life. Only about 15 per cent of Australia's people live in rural areas. Australians call the remote countryside the bush. The term outback refers specifically to the interior. The outback consists mainly of open countryside, including vast expanses of grazing land, but it also has widely scattered settlements, the largest of which are mining towns.
Food and drink
Meat is plentiful in Australia and makes up a large part of the people's diet. Beef is the most popular meat, followed by lamb and mutton, poultry, and pork. Australians generally prefer their food plain rather than spicy. Meat is usually grilled or roasted and served with potatoes and another vegetable. However, Italian, Greek, and various other European styles of cooking have become increasingly popular as the number of immigrants from mainland Europe has increased. Many Australians have also developed a taste for food from Southeast Asian countries. Chinese restaurants are common throughout Australia. In addition, the larger cities have a number of Indian, Japanese, Thai, and Vietnamese restaurants.
Tea is still a popular hot drink in Australia. However, coffee consumption has tripled since the mid-1900's, while tea consumption has declined. Beer is the most popular alcoholic drink. Australia's long, sunny summers and mild winters enable the people to enjoy picnics and barbecues all year round.
Education
Each Australian state and the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory have their own laws concerning education. The federal government regulates education in the other territories. In all the states and territories except Tasmania, children must attend school from age 6 to age 15. However, they may start school before the age of 6, and most start at age 5. Tasmania requires children to attend school from age 6 to age 16. About three-quarters of Australian students attend state schools. The rest attend Roman Catholic or other independent schools.
Each Australian state operates its own state school system. However, the state systems depend on the federal government for most of their funds. The Australian Capital Territory finances and operates the state schools in its area. The Roman Catholic Church owns and operates most of Australia's independent schools. Unlike the state schools, most of the independent schools in Australia charge a tuition fee. The federal government grants funds to assist independent schools.
Australian primary schools provide six to eight years of study. The number of years varies from one state or territory to another and in some cases includes a year of kindergarten. Australian secondary schools offer five or six years of education, depending on the system of the particular state or territory. Formerly, most students left school when they reached the age requirement, but today more students stay on at school after the age of 15 or 16 even if they do not intend to go on to a university or college.
Many Australian children in remote areas of the outback receive their primary and secondary education at home by means of correspondence schools and schools of the air. Each state operates a correspondence school for children in isolated areas. The Northern Territory operates two such schools. The students receive and turn in their assignments by mail. Four states and the Northern Territory operate schools of the air to enable correspondence school students to communicate with teachers directly. The teachers are stationed at broadcasting centres in various parts of the country and talk with students by means of two-way radios.
Australia has 33 universities. Thirty of these universities are publicly owned, and three are private. Each university offers undergraduate and graduate studies. Australia also has several publicly owned colleges of advanced education that offer various degrees. Students at publicly owned universities and colleges pay tuition fees that cover part of the cost of their education, and the federal government pays the rest. Tuition fees at Australia's private universities are considerably higher than fees at publicly owned universities.
Australia has many public and school libraries. For information about Australia's libraries, see LIBRARY (Australia and the Far East).
Religion
The Australian Constitution forbids a state religion and guarantees religious freedom. The great majority of Australians are Christians, but many do not attend church regularly. The Anglican Church and the Roman Catholic Church have the most members.
Land
Australia is surrounded by water, like an island. But geographers class it as a continent rather than as an island because of its great size. It is sometimes referred to as an "island continent."
Australia covers 7,682,300 square kilometres, or about 5 per cent of the earth's land area.
Deserts cover about one-third of Australia. The country has four major deserts. The Simpson Desert lies along the western edge of the Central Lowlands. The three other deserts--the Gibson, Great Sandy, and Great Victoria--cover the central part of the Western Plateau. All the deserts except the Gibson consist of swirling sands, which often drift into giant dunes. Some dunes measure more than 320 kilometres long. The Gibson Desert lies outside the path of the general wind direction and of wind-blown sands. Its surface consists of a mass of small stones and pebbles.
Rivers are among Australia's most vital resources. Rivers provide the towns and cities with drinking water, and they supply farmers with much-needed water for irrigation. However, most of Australia's rivers are dry at least part of the year. They fill with water only during the rainy season. The rainy season occurs in summer in northern Australia, and in winter in southern Australia. Dams and reservoirs on all the largest rivers store water for use during the dry season.
Australia's biggest water conservation project is the Snowy Mountains Scheme. It consists of an extensive system of dams, aqueducts, and tunnels.
Lakes. Australia's only large permanent lakes have been artificially created. They include Lake Argyle in Western Australia and Lake Gordon in Tasmania. Both are reservoirs for water conservation projects.
Underground water
Australia has fairly plentiful underground water, but most of it is too salty for people to drink or for use as irrigation water. In many areas, however, the water is not too salty for livestock to drink. On many large cattle and sheep stations, underground wells supply all the drinking water for the animals.
Climate
Australia receives most of its moisture as rain. Snow falls only in Tasmania and the Australian Alps. About one-third of the country is desert and receives less than 25 centimetres of rain a year. The deserts are too barren for the grazing of livestock. Much of the rest of Australia has less than 50 centimetres of rainfall annually. Few crops can be grown in these regions without irrigation. The heaviest rainfall in Australia occurs along the north, east, southeast, and extreme southwest coasts.
Economy
Australia is one of the world's rich, developed countries. Most developed countries have become rich through the production and export of manufactured goods. Australia's wealth, however, has come chiefly from farming and mining.
The processing of farm and mineral products makes up a major part of Australia's manufacturing industry. For many years, manufacturing was the leading employer in Australia, but since about 1970 manufacturing has declined in importance, while service industries have increased in importance.
Agriculture
Australia's farms are highly mechanized and therefore require a minimum of human labour. Only about 5 per cent of the country's workers are farmers, but they produce large amounts of food for export as well as most items needed by Australians themselves.
Farmland covers about 60 per cent of Australia. However, most of this land is dry grazing land. Crops are grown on only about 10 per cent of the farmland, but farmers use modern agricultural methods and so make the cropland highly productive. About 10 per cent of the cropland is irrigated.
Tourism
Australia has a variety of tourist attractions. They include wildlife sanctuaries, sandy beaches, the Great Barrier Reef, the Australian Alps, and numerous points of historical interest. About 1 million foreign tourists visit Australia each year.
Transportation Cars are the chief means of passenger transportation in Australia. Nearly every family owns a car and uses it for most local travel. Paved roads link the state capitals and the largest inland cities. Most roads in the outback are unpaved.
Communication
Australia's postal, telephone, and telegraph systems are owned by the federal government and operated by independent government agencies. The Australian Postal Commission runs the postal system. The Australian Telecommunications Commission operates the country's telephone and telegraph systems. Except in the outback, nearly every Australian household has a telephone. In the remotest parts of the outback, many people use two-way radios in place of telephones.
Almost all Australian families own one or more television sets and radios. Commercial broadcasters own and operate about half the radio stations and about one-third of the TV stations. The rest are owned and financed by the federal government and operated by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), an independent government agency. Unlike the commercial stations, the ABC stations accept no advertising.
Australia has about 60 daily newspapers, all privately owned. Every big city has at least one daily paper. The most widely read daily newspapers include Melbourne's Herald, Sun News-Pictorial, and The Age, and The Sydney Morning Herald, and the Daily Mirror Telegraph in Sydney. A national daily, The Australian, is published in Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, and Brisbane.
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